## Kinship Terms | 1st Party | Other Party | 1st P Gender | Other P Age | Other P Gender | Formality | | :-------- | :---------: | :----------: | :-----------------: | :------------: | :-------: | | Bà | Cháu | Female | 40+ years younger | Any | Neutral | | Chú | Cháu | Male | 20-40 years younger | Any | Neutral | | Cô | Cháu | Female | 20-40 years younger | Any | Neutral | | Ông | Cháu | Male | 40+ years younger | Any | Neutral | | Bố | Con | Male | Child of Father | Any | Neutral | | Mẹ | Con | Female | Child of Mother | Any | Neutral | | Anh | Em | Male | 1-20 years younger | Any | Neutral | | Chị | Em | Female | 1-20 years younger | Any | Neutral | > [!note] Kinship Terms > Note that these are kinship terms, i.e. terms that aren't true pronouns. > [!tip] 3rd Person > To make any of these 3rd person, add "ấy". In South Vietnam, the syllable instead changes to a hỏi tone ## Non-Familial Terms ### Pronouns | English | Vietnamese | Formality | Usage Notes | | ------- | ---------- | --------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | I, me | Tôi | Formal | | | I, me | Ta | Formal | Poetic | | I, me | Tao | Informal | Counterpart to Mày, use with close friends; very informal and can be rude if used incorrectly | | I, me | Tớ | Informal | Used with friends or youths, friendly; counterpart to cậu; more common in the North | | I, me | Mình | Neutral | This usage is neutral | | You | Mình | Intimate | This usage is only used to refer to one's partner | | You | Cậu | Informal | Counterpart to tớ; counterpart to tớ; more common in the North | | You | Mày | Informal | Counterpart to tao, use with close friends; very informal and can be rude if used incorrectly | | You | Bạn | Neutral | Counterpart to mình's neutral usage | When speaking online, true pronouns are preferred over kinship terms since you don't know anything about the other person. It is often to use and see mình and bạn. Similarly, to make bạn third person, you can say bạn ấy